SQLalchemy

Key Features

* An industrial strength ORM, built from the core on the identity map, unit of work, and data mapper patterns. These patterns allow transparent persistence of objects using a declarative configuration system. Domain models can be constructed and manipulated naturally, and changes are synchronized with the current transaction automatically. * A relationally-oriented query system, exposing the full range of SQL’s capabilities explicitly, including joins, subqueries, correlation, and most everything else, in terms of the object model. Writing queries with the ORM uses the same techniques of relational composition you use when writing SQL. While you can drop into literal SQL at any time, it’s virtually never needed. * A comprehensive and flexible system of eager loading for related collections and objects. Collections are cached within a session, and can be loaded on individual access, all at once using joins, or by query per collection across the full result set. * A Core SQL construction system and DBAPI interaction layer. The SQLAlchemy Core is separate from the ORM and is a full database abstraction layer in its own right, and includes an extensible Python-based SQL expression language, schema metadata, connection pooling, type coercion, and custom types. * All primary and foreign key constraints are assumed to be composite and natural. Surrogate integer primary keys are of course still the norm, but SQLAlchemy never assumes or hardcodes to this model.